The pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry employs purified water and water for injection in the production of final products.The pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry routinely uses both purified water and water for injection in the production of raw materials and final products, as well as in the cleaning of equipment and containers.
Both are commonly known by their English abbreviations PW for "Pure Water" and WFI for "Water For Injection."

The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of these pharmaceutical-grade waters are defined in various pharmacopeias. Consequently, the processes for obtaining them are different:

Purified Water (PW): In an initial pre-treatment phase, feed water (potable water) undergoes processing to disinfect it, remove particles and dissolved organic matter, and reduce hardness. Subsequently, a final treatment is applied to reduce microbial load, usually through reverse osmosis and subsequent exposure to ultraviolet light.

Water for Injections (WFI): It is obtained by condensing clean steam generated in a steam generator, which is fed with purified water (PW). This is water of the highest chemical purity, perfectly sterile, as its primary use is in the preparation of injectable solutions.

The main difference between the two loops is the temperature at which the water is maintained: while the PW loop is kept at around room temperature, the WFI loop must remain between 75°C and 90°C to preserve the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the water.

In both cases, loop sanitization is of vital importance to ensure water quality at all times, preventing unwanted growth of pathogenic microorganisms above levels considered safe. This sanitization is usually done by heat input, either continuously or periodically, and this is where the heat exchanger plays a critical role.

Following the guidelines of major internationally recognized quality standards such as Pharmacopeia, FDA, 3A, GAMP, CGMP, ISPE, or USDA, we design and construct systems for the supply of purified water (PW) and water for injection (WFI), aseptic and sterile water, deionized water, demineralized water, distilled water, filtered water, and osmotized water, among others.